Blindness in the workforce and and its associated challenges Research Paper

Visual deficiency in the workforce and its related difficulties - Research Paper Example finition for visual debilitation was expressly qualified as â€Å"difficulty or failure to see words and letters in normal paper print in any event, when wearing glasses or contact lenses† (The Lighthouse International, 201, standard. 3). An assortment of different insights on work of outwardly imparied people are summed up beneath: Similarly, the normal yearly profit of outwardly weakened individuals were noted to be lower by as much as 33% when contrasted and those earned by laborers without inabilities ($22,106 versus $32,870) (The Lighthouse International, 2012, standard. 5). These figures uncovers that outwardly disabled and legitimately daze individuals show lower business rates and normal yearly wages in spite of laws that shield them from being separated and preferential in the work setting. The investigation led by Malakpa (2007) has noted various obstructions to business and the difficulties met by outwardly debilitated and lawfully dazzle individuals are moreover examined by Stephens (2007), Papakonstantinou and Papadopoulos (2010), and McCarthy (2003) in independent talks. The hindrances that were noted by Malakpa (2007) for dazzle and outwardly weakened individuals incorporate employers’ fears and questions on recruiting them and the absence of comprehension for proper help to be agreed to them (Papakonstantinou and Papadopoulos, 2010). As underlined by Stephens (2007), â€Å"the absence of data managers have about versatile and assistive advancements and techniques†¦(indicated) that businesses ‘feared blindness’† (p. 22). On the purposes of perspectives on the outwardly weakened, Malakpa (2007) asserted that â€Å"job securing for the visually impaired and outwardly debilitated is obstructed as often as possible by an absence of information with respect to possibilities, conceivable outcomes, preparing choices, and techniques for search and application† (p. 55). In this manner, obstacles are famous from both the points of view of the visually impaired candidates and those of the likely businesses regarding exact ness and accessibility of data that would

Marijuana A Gift From Mother Earth Essay Example For Students

Weed A Gift From Mother Earth Essay When and where will the silly mistreatments of America’s Marijuana clients end? These Marijuana smokers are regularly white collar class guys, between the ages of 17 and 39, and one of every three have no earlier lawful offense allegations on their records. (HRW World Report) However, every year, a huge number of them are captured and tossed into prison, close by killers, attackers, and youngster molesters. The â€Å"Marihuana Tax Act† was passed in August 1937, and produced results on October 1, an episode which would everlastingly change the nation. The fundamental explanation for the boycott set upon Marijuana was equivalent to most other medication restrictions †the persecution of minorities. For example, the principal against medicate law on record in the United States was passed in San Francisco in 1875. Opium was banned around then because of worries that Chinese migrants who utilized the medication were â€Å"ruining† white ladies by partner with the m in Opium nooks. (Schaffer sec. 1) Cocaine was prohibited not long after when concerns were raised of what even papers of the time regarded â€Å"Negro Cocaine Fiends† or â€Å"Cocainized Niggers.† These claims came about when African-Americans utilized the medication and purportedly assaulted and killed white ladies. (Schaffer sec. 1) As a self evident truth there were no formally recorded occurrences, for example, those that were proposed. Maryjane was prohibited to target Mexican workers who utilized the medication recreationally. As per Bureau of Narcotics Commissioner Harry J. Anslinger, Marijuana had a â€Å"violent impact on the savage races.† As you can see, the principle reason most medications are banned isn't for wellbeing concerns or genuine wrongdoings identified with the medication, yet rather in light of the fact that vain white guys got the possibility that they could hurt minorities with their laws. Today, the bigotry proceeds, with medicate laws that target minorities †explicitly youthful African-American guys. Albeit white medication clients dwarf blacks by 5 to 1, and blacks just make up 13 percent of the U.S. populace, more than 62 percent of detainees imprisoned for medicate related charges are dark. (ABC) This disturbing measurement shows the glaring bigotry of the â€Å"War on Drugs†, which is more a war on blacks than drugs. Between the long stretches of 1970 and 1998, over 11.5 million individuals were imprisoned for acts going from straightforward ownership of Marijuana, to deal and assembling of Marijuana †a class that incorporates all charges identified with developing, dissemination, and development. 87 percent of all captures were for ownership, while 13 percent of captures were available to be purchased/make. (NORML)Our jails are stuffed to the point that roughly 24 states are compelled to liberate a few detainees. There are over 1.5 million individuals in Federal, State, and neighborhood remedial offices at the hour of this paper’s composing. However, the War on Drugs proceeds, and if its â€Å"ultimate goal† is reached †the detainment of each medication client, vendor, and producer, there will be roughly 30 million additional individuals in our jails. This is a greater number of individuals than the joined populaces of California, Arizona, and New Mexico. To imprison each medication client in the nation, we would need to spend more than 15 trillion dollars, a figure that would not just bankrupt the nation and devastate the working power, however would likewise leave no cash to run the detainment facilities that we endeavored to fill. (Schaffer sec.7)So why, you may ask, is this nation apparently fixated on freeing the boulevards from our â€Å"violent†, â€Å"degenerate† Marijuana clients? The appropriate response is straightforward. On the off chance that you tell a pony again and again that it is a jackass, in the long run the pony will trust it. The measure of publicity that has been flooding the nation for every one of these years, falsehood from top government authorities, and unmitigated lies from our country’s wellbeing â€Å"experts† has incited an incensed â€Å"war† that has isolated the nation into equal parts. This war has no champs †the nation isn't in any event, verging on freeing the nation of t he â€Å"problem†, and the medication clients are developing in numbers as an ever increasing number of individuals consider the to be of the medication as a social device, a clinical wonder, and a scaffold that crosses racial and social limits. .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .postImageUrl , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:hover , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:visited , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:active { border:0!important; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:active , .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content embellishment: underline; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u194e68d9a 650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u194e68d9a650bbe0c483257c6b3db60c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: The Dead Sea Scrolls (1545 words) EssayAnother question raised is whether Marijuana is destructive. That is anything but difficult to answer †yes and no. Truly, it has some hindering impacts on the mind, as any synthetic would. Be that as it may, contrasted with different medications and substances, both lawful and illicit, the hurtful impacts appear to be miniscule. For example, out of the considerable number of medications accessible to us today, tobacco remains the main executioner, as it has been for quite a long time. More than 390,000 individuals bite the dust every year from this strong, savage, and legitimate medication. Nicotine is additionally one of the most addictive medications known to man, effectively outperforming Marijuana and liquor, and simply pushing out heroin †truly, heroin.Alcohol is a far off second, killing 80,000 individuals yearly, and is one of the most mainstream drugs among youthful guys. Its withdrawal indications are extreme, and once snared, a few people are never calm again. Sidestream cigarette smokes murders another 50,000 individuals, bringing the stupendous aggregate for tobacco-related passings to 440,000 individuals. Cocaine claims 2,200 lives every year, followed intently by two medications that are totally disconnected, however slaughter a similar number of individuals †heroin and anti-inflamato ry medicine. Pot, then again, executes a stunning number of individuals every single year. Zero. There has never been a passing formally attached to Marijuana. Through and through, unlawful medications slaughter 4,500 individuals †8.3 percent of those guaranteed by tobacco and liquor. Having been a Marijuana smoker for a long time at this point, I don't see myself as an addict, a medication someone who is addicted, or a hindrance to society. I smoke to meet individuals, and my dearest companions were met through Marijuana. The brilliant and strange plant we call Cannabis ought to be grasped, not avoided, as it is today. Bibliography:Works CitedABC News. â€Å"War on Drugs, by Race?† Associated Press. 8 Jun 2000Basic Facts about the War on Drugs. Schaffer, Clifford A. 8 Sept. 2000HRW World Report. â€Å"Drugs and Human Rights.† 10 Sept. 2000NORML. â€Å"Portland NORML News† 24 Nov. 1998

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Definition

Industrial-Organizational Psychology Definition Theories Print The Basics of Industrial-Organizational Psychology By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on November 26, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW on November 26, 2019 Hero Images / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand What It Is Six Key Subject Areas Major Topics Important People Careers in IO Psychology View All Back To Top Industrial-organizational psychology is the branch of psychology that applies psychological theories and principles to organizations. Often referred to as I-O psychology, this field focuses on increasing workplace productivity and related issues such as the physical and mental well-being of employees. Industrial-organizational psychologists perform a wide variety of tasks, including studying worker attitudes and behavior, evaluating companies, and conducting leadership training. The overall goal of this field is to study and understand human behavior in the workplace. What Industrial-Organizational Psychology Is You can think of industrial-organizational psychology as having two major sides. First, there is the industrial side, which involves looking at how to best match individuals to specific job roles. This segment of I-O psychology is also sometimes referred to as personnel psychology. People who work in this area might assess employee characteristics and then match these individuals to jobs in which they are likely to perform well. Other functions that fall on the industrial side of I-O psychology include training employees, developing job performance standards, and measuring job performance. The organizational side of psychology is more focused on understanding how organizations affect individual behavior. Organizational structures, social norms, management styles, and role expectations are all factors that can influence how people behave within an organization. By understanding such factors, I-O psychologists hope to improve individual performance and health while at the same time benefiting the organization as a whole. How Is It Different? While industrial-organizational psychology is an applied field, basic theoretical research is also essential. With roots in experimental psychology, I-O psychology has a number of different sub-areas such as human-computer interaction, personnel psychology, and human factors. Six Key Subject Areas According to Muchinskys book,  Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and Organizational Psychology, most industrial-organizational psychologists work in one of six major subject areas: Training and Development: Professional in this area often determine what type of skills are necessary to perform specific jobs as well as develop and evaluate employee training programs.Employee Selection: This area involves developing employee selection assessments, such as screening tests to determine if job applicants are qualified for a particular position.Ergonomics: The field of ergonomics involves designing procedures and equipment designed to maximize performance and minimize injury.Performance Management: I-O psychologists who work in this area develop assessments and techniques to determine if employees are doing their jobs well.Work Life: This area focuses on improving employee satisfaction and maximizing the productivity of the workforce. I-O psychologists in this area might work to find ways to make jobs more rewarding or design programs that improve the quality of life in the workplace.Organizational Development: I-O psychologists who work in this area help improve orga nizations, often through increasing profits, redesigning products, and improving the organizational structure.?? Major Topics Product design. Some I-O psychologists are involved in the development of consumer or workplace products.Employee testing. Psychological principles and tests are often used by I-O psychologists to help businesses select candidates that are best-suited to specific job roles.Leadership. I-O psychologists may work to help leaders develop better strategies or train managers to utilize different leadership skills to manage team members more effectively.Workplace diversity. Within the area of organizational psychology, professionals in this field may help businesses develop hiring practices that foster greater diversity as well as train employees on diversity and inclusion.Workplace performance. I-O psychologists often study behavior in the workplace in order to design environments and procedures that maximize employee performance.Employee motivation. Professionals in this field may also use psychological principles to help keep workers motivated. Important People in IO Psychology History Hugo Münsterberg: Munsterberg was an applied psychologist who wrote an early text on how psychology could be used for industrial, occupational, and organizational purposes. His work had an important impact on the early development of the field.  Frederick W. Taylor: Taylor was a mechanical engineer who published an influential book on improving industrial efficiency.  Robert Yerkes: Yerkes was a psychologist known for his work in the field of intelligence testing. He developed the Alpha and Beta Intelligence Tests for the U.S. Army, which were use to evaluate military recruits during WWI. Scores on the tests were used to determine respondents capabilities, including ability to serve and leadership potential.James McKeen Cattell: Cattell was an early proponent of looking at how individual differences influence human behavior.  Kurt Lewin: Lewin was an influential applied psychologist who described a number of leadership styles that people may exhibit. His work also focused on looking at all of the forces that influence a situation rather than just taking individual behavior into account.   Careers in IO Psychology Interest in industrial-organizational psychology careers  has grown. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predicted that I-O psychology would be one of the  fastest-growing careers, and wages have been rising over 10 percent per year. According to employment statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the mean annual wage for I-O psychologists as of May 2016 was $109,030. The bottom 10 percent of I-O psychologists earned around  $51,350 and the top 10 percent earned an average of $184,380, with a median annual wage of $192,150.?? As with other specialty areas, wages vary depending upon a variety of factors including geographic location, educational background, the area of employment, and years of experience in the field. Individuals with a masters or doctorate degree also command higher yearly salaries. In general, those in large urban areas will find more employment opportunities as well as higher wages, although such benefits are often accompanied by a higher cost of living. States employing the most I-O psychologists include Virginia, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Missouri, and New Jersey. Professionals working in Virginia earned an average of $126,220, while those employed in Massachusetts earned an average of $75,660.?? The U.S. Department of Labor reports that wages also vary considerably depending upon the industry in which industrial-organizational psychologists are employed. The mean annual wage for various industries is as follows: Scientific Research and Development Services: $149,780Management, Scientific, and Technical Consulting Services: $95,470State Government:  $66,600Colleges, Universities, and Professional School: $70,360?? Who Should Study Industrial-Organizational Psychology? Students who are interested in applying psychological principles to real-world setting should consider industrial-organizational psychology. If you have a strong interest in psychology as well as related subjects such as product design, computers, statistics, and engineering, this may be the ideal field for you. How Does the Hawthorne Effect Influence Productivity?

The American Dream and Charity Carnegie and Emersons...

The American Dream and charity: Carnegie and Emersons different but complementary conceptions Individualism has always been an integral part of American, capitalist culture. Early on in its history, America was conceptualized as a land where it was it was possible for people to reinvent themselves. Even a poor immigrant like the Scot Andrew Carnegie could pull himself up by his own bootstraps, according to the logic of the American Dream. Carnegie believed that making money was a proof of ones moral fitness, and the ability of a great individual to make money in America produced a better society for all. Carnegie acknowledged that capitalism created inequities, but he believed that society as a whole was better off with ruthless, cutthroat American capitalism than without it. Charity was offered up as a remedy to these inequalities, based upon the compassion of the capitalist, but only from a position of power, according to Carnegies philosophy. The Transcendentalist author Ralph Waldo Emerson, although less directly celebratory of capitalism than Carnegie, likewise thought t he needs of the self must be honored before the needs of the many. Like Carnegie, Emerson also celebrated individualism, but not in terms of the material wealth it could generate, but its potential to yield spiritual and artistic wealth for America. In his famous essay The Gospel of Wealth, Andrew Carnegie suggests that the extreme wealth of some is ultimately good for all of society. In

Analysis Of The Short Story Of An Hour - 1033 Words

The first paragraph of The Story of an Hour summarizes the main elements of the short story. We can begin to see the story take shape as the author gets straight to the point by stating Mrs. Mallard’s health ailment and the possible danger of unexpected news is highlighted with the words, â€Å"†¦great care must be taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband’s death† (Mays 278). We can start to see the direction that Chopin is headed by this first paragraph and the title of the short story is a nod to the duration and the form of which this story will exist. I will begin my analysis by examining the title of this short story. Chopin is all too clever when she thought of this title. Chopin includes the duration of the short story (an hour) as well as letting us know that within this hour, the story will conclude. This gives us a time frame that will put the story into perspective when we continue reading about the events that will late r occur to Mrs. Mallard. The title tells me that all the events in the story can be limited to an hour time frame and adds to the sense of immediacy to Mrs. Mallard’s situation. It gave me the feeling of being a part of Mrs. Mallard’s story as I was reading the words. The â€Å"Story† portion of the title I interpreted two different ways: we are reading a literary tale about fictional characters that Kate Chopin created and we are reading a story that Mrs. Mallard lives in. Chopin successfully wrote a story within a â€Å"story† in myShow MoreRelatedKate Chopins Short Story The Story of an Hour: An Analysis974 Words   |  4 PagesChopins short story, The Story of an Hour is largely about the forms of repression that women were forced to endure during the epoch in which the story was written (1894) and during much of the time that preceded it. During this time period, women quite frequently had to subjugate themselves to the will of their husbands, or to some other man who had a significant amount of control over their lives. Chopin chooses to address this phenomenon in an indirect manner with this particular short story, althoughRead MoreEssay on Structural Technique in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin861 Words   |  4 PagesStructure provides guidance to the reader throughout a short story. Kate Chopin uses structural techniques to enhance â€Å"The Story of an Hour† from beginning to end. She follows formal structure to a certain degree, but occasionally strays to actual structure. Upon analysis of the organization of Chopin’s story, the reader understands the powerful meaning that is expressed in such a short piece. Initially, a short story begins with an exposition. This is the laying out of important background informationRead MoreFiction Essay657 Words   |  3 PagesRhetorical Analysis; the Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Chopin, Kate. â€Å"The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin, characters, setting. â€Å"KateChopinorg. Kate Chopin International Society. N.d. web. 20 Nov. 2014. http://www.katechopin.org/the-story-of-an-hour/ This website is from the Author herself. There are many beneficially things from this website. She has a list of characters, the time and place, the themes, when this book was published, etc. It has a lot of helpful information and the story behind thisRead MoreAnalysis Of Kate Chopin s The Story Of An Hour955 Words   |  4 PagesLiterally analysis of Naturalism and the Short Story Form: Kate Chopin’s ‘The Story of an Hour† While Scott D. Emmert in Naturalism and the Short Story Form: Kate Chopin’s ‘The Story of an Hour’ points out the short stories cannot form a narrative because of their length and others would disagree. Admittedly, even though according to Scott short stories cannot form a narrative they are perfect for naturalist writers because short stories and poems tend to focus more on natural surroundings and theRead MoreKate Chopin s The Hour1361 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatest concerns of critics who have analyzed â€Å"The Story of the Hour† has been whether or not Mrs. Mallard was oppressed in her marriage or if she was depressed due to the lack of time she and her husband spent together. Time plays a crucial role in the story, from the time they have spent together, to the period of the story, and to the short time in which the story takes place. â€Å"The Story of the Hour,† is a story written by feminist author, Kate Chopin in 1894 that deals with maritalRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† by Kate Chopin is about a woman who dies after finding out that her husband, believed to be deceased, is actually alive. The short story â€Å"The Fathers Confession,† by Guy de Maupassant is about a man who confesses to a crime he committed to his children in a letter after he passes away. A close reading of these stories reveals themes of repressive relationships and freedom. In addition, the reader gains insight through analyzing characters with use of technicalRead More â€Å"Stylistic Techniques in Kate Chopin’s The Story of an Hour† 1108 Words   |  5 Pagescontribution. One such great writer, Kate Chopin often wrote about an alternative way of thinking in regards to a women’s position in the 19th Century. Chopin was well known for some of the most shaping feminist stories and novels during her time. Accordingly , in her short story â€Å"The Story of an Hour† Chopin tells the tale of Mrs. Mallard’s reaction to the death of her husband, instead of fearing the forlorn widow years ahead of her; she falters upon a different comprehension all together. After hearingRead MoreAnalytical Essay : Dead Man s Path By Chinua Achebe And A Clean, Well Lighted Place1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthree different short stories. Two of my favorite short stories this semester were Dead Man s Path† by Chinua Achebe and â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† By Ernest Hemingway. My third choice was a short story by Viginia Woolf called â€Å"A Haunted House.† â€Å"Dead Man’s Path† was written by a man named Chinua Achebe who was a devout christian. He was very talented and began learning English by the age of eight. While he was an undergraduate he began publishing short stories. In his short story â€Å"Dead Man’sRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe s The Masque Of The Red Death1409 Words   |  6 PagesA Literary Analysis of Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† Edgar Allan Poe is popularly known as a Gothic short story writer. He has produced many gruesome stories, including the short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death†. In this short tale, Prince Prospero decides to lock himself and his friends of the court into a magnificently decorated abbey to escape becoming ill of a disease which has caused half the people in his land to perish. The Prince provides indulgences and throws partiesRead MoreThe Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is very intriguing, not only because of the emotional change Louise Mallard goes through the hour after her husband’s tragic death but also the way Chopin uses irony in the story. During this analysis of â€Å"The Story of an Hour† we will discuss the summary, plot, setting, tone, theme, point of view, emotions of Louise Mallard and other characters involved in the story. Chopin’s story uses the feelings of a married woman

Safe Disposal of Wastewater †Disinfection Free Essays

2.1.4 Disinfection Disinfection is the primary mechanism for the inactivation or devastation of infective beings to forestall the spread of waterborne disease to downstream users and the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Safe Disposal of Wastewater – Disinfection or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( Municipal Technology Branch U.S. EPA, 1999 ) Chlorination is the most common method of disinfection. Chlorine is effectual at killing most bacteriums, viruses and Protozoa that rise hazards to human wellness. The reactions of Cl in effluent are shown as below: Chlorine2+ H2O HOCl + H-Cl Chlorine Hypochlorous Gas Gas HOCl + OCl + H Hypochlorite Ion In chlorination intervention, Cl must be removed before treated H2O is released due to chlorine is itself toxic to marine life. Sodium bisulfite is added to the treated H2O to take any Cl residue. ( Patrick, n.d. ) Besides, ultraviolet light disinfection is a physical procedure that transportations electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of about 4 to 400 nanometers from a quicksilver discharge lamp to an being ‘s familial stuff ( DNA and RNA ) . When UV radiation, generated by an electrical discharge through quicksilver vapour, penetrates the familial stuff of micro-organisms and idiots their ability to reproduce. ( Anon. , 1999 ) UV disinfect at wavelength of about 254nm is most efficient for disinfection intent. This procedure adds nil to the H2O but UV light, therefore, there is no residuary consequence that can be harmful to worlds or aquatic life. In add-on, UV is an effectual germicide for chlorine-resistant Protozoa like Cryptosporidium and Giardia. However, UV disinfection is non every bit cost-efficient as chlorination. Recently, ozone has begun to acquire attending as a effluent disinfection method. Ozone is an unstable gas comprising of three O atoms, the gas will readily degrade back to O, and during this passage a free O atom or free group is formed. Most wastewater intervention workss generate ozone by enforcing a high electromotive force jumping current ( 6 to 20 kVs ) across a dielectric discharge spread that contains an oxygen-bearing gas. Ozone is a really strong oxidizer and viricide. It has greater disinfection effectivity in taking virus and bacteriums present in H2O due to direct oxidization or devastation of the cell wall with escape of cellular components outside of the cell, reactions with extremist byproducts of ozone decomposition and harm to the components of the nucleic acids. ( Anon. , 1999 ) Ozone is besides known to cut down the concentration of Fe, S and manganese and extinguish olfactory property and gustatory sensation jobs. Ozone oxides the manganese, sulfur and Fe into in dissoluble metal oxides. These indissoluble atoms are subsequently removed by filtration. Furthermore, ozone increases the O content of H2O, a good side-effect of disinfection. 2.1.5 Third Treatment After biochemical debasement of the sewerage in the secondary intervention, the clarified wastewater is farther treated to take non-biodegradable toxic organic pollutants, disable disease doing beings and viruses, and other man-made pollutants. ( Anon. , n.d. ) After this intervention, the waste H2O becomes relatively safer and can be discharged into the environment. There are three chief third intervention procedures, which are filtration, lagooning, and alimentary remotion. In the filtration procedure, sand or activated C are used to filtrate the effluent. The H2O is made to go through through a bed of sand activated C, so that the particulate affair in the H2O adheres to the filter medium and gets removed from the H2O. Sand filtration removes much of the residuary suspended affair whereas filtration over activated C removes residuary toxins. ( Anon. , n.d. ) Lagooning provides colony and farther biological betterment through storage in big semisynthetic pools or lagunas. These lagunas are extremely aerophilic and colonisation by native macrophytes, particularly reeds, is frequently encouraged. Small filter feeding invertebrates such as Daphnia and species of Rotifera greatly assist in intervention by consuming the biodegradable atoms in the sewerage H2O ( taking all right particulates ) . Removal of foods nitrogen and P is necessary as their inordinate release to the environment can take to a buildup of foods, called eutrophication that in a manner lead to the giantism of weeds, algae, and blue-green algaes ( bluish green algae ) . This lead to a phenomenon called Algae Bloom, where there is a rapid growing in the population of unsustainable algae which finally dies. As the bacterium works on the decomposition of these algae, they use up excessively much of O which may take to the decease of most of the aquatic biology which creates more organic affair for the bacteriums to break up. In add-on to doing deoxygenation, some algal species produce toxins that contaminate imbibing H2O supplies. Therefore, remotion of foods is indispensable measure in third effluent intervention. Phosphate remotion is achieved by precipitation as Ca phosphate. Besides, N is removed through the biological oxidization of N from ammonium hydroxide to nitrate ( nitrification ) , followed by the decrease of nitrate to nitrogen gas ( denitrification ) . Nitrogen gas is released in the ambiance and therefore removed from the H2O. ( Anon. , n.d. ) 2.1.6 Sludge Treatment Sludge is produced from the intervention of effluent in on-site ( infected armored combat vehicle ) and off-site ( activated sludge ) systems. The sludge are likely to incorporate microorganisms which may lend to the transmittal of diseases, every bit good as organic and inorganic contaminations which may be risky or toxic to worlds or have damaging effects on the environment in general. Therefore, all sludge must be treated before recycling or disposal and the grade of intervention depends on the intended concluding usage. The intervention procedure may affect thickener, dewatering, digestion, composting, and concluding disposal. 2.1.6.1 Sludge Thickening Thickening of sludge increases its solids content and reduces the volume of free H2O thereby minimising the unit burden on downstream procedures such as digestion and dewatering. The most normally used inspissating procedures include gravitation thickener, dissolved air floatation and extractor thickener. Gravity thickener is normally carried out in a round armored combat vehicle where the sludge is fed to the armored combat vehicle through a centre provender good. The provender sludge is allowed to settle and the thickened sludge is withdrawn from the underside of the armored combat vehicle. Conventional sludge roll uping mechanisms with deep trusses or perpendicular lookouts are used to stir the sludge gently thereby easing the release of H2O from the sludge. The supernatant flow is returned either to the primary subsiding armored combat vehicles or to the influent of the intervention works, whereas the thickened sludge is pumped to digesters or dewatering installations. Typically, sludge can be thickened to approximately 2 to 3 % for solids derived from activated sludge or RBC systems, whilst for primary sludge and dribbling filter sludge, they can be thickened to approximately 4 to 6 per centum solids concentration. ( Alturkmani, 2012 ) img alt="http://www.4enveng.com/userfiles/image/20024c0d61bfa2e737d233e3b9d48e3d.jpg" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0834141.001.jpg"/ Flotation thickener is a solid-liquid separation procedure. Separation is unnaturally induced by presenting all right gas bubbles into the floatation procedure system. The gas bubbles become affiliated to the solid particulates, organizing a gas-solid sum with an overall majority denseness less than the denseness of the liquid. Therefore, these sums float on the surface of the fluid. Once the solid atoms have been floated to the surface, they can be collected by a skimming operation. ( Lawrence K Wang, n.d. ) img alt="http://www.4enveng.com/userfiles/image/ProcSolidAirFlotationThickenersProcess.jpg" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0834141.002.jpg"/ Centrifuges are a compact, simple, flexible, self-contained unit. They have the disadvantages of high capitals, care and power costs and frequently a hapless, solids-capture efficiency if chemicals are non used for bio sludge. However, they have extra advantage of less infinite demand, less odour potency and housework demand. ( Anon. , n.d. ) Centrifugal thickener is acceleration of deposit through the usage of centrifugal force. Centrifuges are normally used for inspissating waste activated sludge. Primary sludge is usually non fed to centrifugate as it may incorporate scratchy stuff. img alt="Sludge" pic3="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/0834141.003.jpg" thickening=""/ 2.6.1.2 Stabilzsation Stabilization is the term used to denote the procedure of biochemical O demand ( BOD ) decrease. The stabilisation procedure can be carried out under aerobic or anaerobiotic conditions. In anaerobiotic system, the sludge is passed through a well-mixed digester at 35 °C. The procedure is uninterrupted and takes 15-20 yearss. The organic stuff interruptions down in the digester to bring forth methane gas and C dioxide. The gas is burned to heat the digester or in really big workss to bring forth electricity through a combined heat and power works. Digested sludge has a low smell and H2O is easy removed to cut down volume. The procedure kills potentially harmful bacteriums and can be enhanced by usage of high force per unit area or sonic systems which destroy bacteriums cells. ( Anon. , n.d. ) Aerobic stabilisation is carry out in an aeration armored combat vehicle with the nowadays of O which is same manual as in an activated sludge procedure. Due to the high O demand, this procedure is energy intensive and high costs. In aerophilic digestion, sludge stabilisation is achieved when aerophilic and facultative micro-organisms convert biodegradable organic affair in an environment where aeration is provided. End merchandises of the digestion are chiefly C dioxide, H2O and non-biodegradable stuffs. 2.1.6.3 Sludge Conditioning Sludge conditioning is a procedure that sludge solids are treated with chemicals to fix the sludge for dewatering procedures. Chemical conditioning prepares the sludge for better economical intervention with vacuity filters or extractors. Sulfuric acid, alum, chlorinated copperas, ferric sulphate, and ferrous chloride with or without calcium hydroxide are common chemicals that used in this procedure. The intent of adding chemicals to the sludge is to take down or increase its pH value to a point where little atoms coagulate into larger 1s and the H2O in the sludge solids is given up most readily. Thermal conditioning has two rudimentss which are wet air oxidization and heat intervention. Wet air oxidization play a function in reduces the sludge to an ash whereas heat intervention improves the dewaterability of the sludge. This procedure produces a more readily dewaterable sludge and besides provides effectual disinfection of the sludge. Blending is a procedure where two or more types of sludge are â€Å"blended† together to ease a higher sludge solids concentration and a more homogeneous mixture of sludge prior to dewatering. Blending operations tends to diminish the chemical demand for conditioning and dewatering sludge. The blending operation normally takes topographic point in sludge keeping armored combat vehicles usually where primary sludge is assorted with waste activated sludge. ( Anon. , n.d. ) 2.1.6.4 Dewatering Sludge dewatering is a procedure that taking H2O from sludge. The most common manner to dewater sludge is to physically squash the H2O out of the sludge. The usual dewatering method are pressure filtration dewatering, belt imperativeness dewatering filtration, air sludge drying procedures, sludge dewatering centrifugation and vacuity filtration. Furthermore, a sludge desiccant can be utilized at the terminal of the procedure. Desiccants are oven like equipment that really bakes out the H2O. 2.1.6.5 Volume Decrease Sludge incineration is the thermic devastation of sludge by oxidization at high temperature, this procedure besides known as burning. The gases from burning must be kept at temperature of 677?C to 760?C until they are wholly burned. Wet air oxidization is one of the methods for the intervention of aqueous effluents. In wet air oxidization aqueous waste is oxidized in the liquid stage at high temperatures of 400K to 573 K and force per unit areas of 0.5MPa to 20 MPa in the presence of an oxygen-containing gas. ( Anon. , n.d. ) 2.1.6.6 Sludge Disposal 2.1.7 Safe Disposal of Wastewater Wastewater intervention workss must dispose of the remainders ensuing from effluent intervention. How to cite Safe Disposal of Wastewater – Disinfection, Essay examples

The Broken Heart Essay Research Paper Imagery free essay sample

The Broken Heart Essay, Research Paper Imagination in The Broken Heart John Donnes? verse form The Broken Heart is full of imagination, used to portray his broken bosom. Donne uses the imagination so we can acquire a ocular image of what love means to him. He uses the imagination because it? s necessary to see a image of the hurting he lives with. Donne uses several facets of imagination, including decease to demo his heartache and Donne besides does utilizations desperation to expose his hurting. The image of decease was used throughout the verse form. ? Love so shortly decays, intending that love so rapidly dies. If you cut a flower and do non set it in H2O it will rapidly shrivel and decease. Another image of decease would be the pestilence. A pestilence is a widespread disease that causes 1000s of people to decease. The pestilence is besides synonymous with enduring. We will write a custom essay sample on The Broken Heart Essay Research Paper Imagery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Donne writes that he has had the pestilence a twelvemonth, by composing this Donne has been deathly ill for what he thinks is a twelvemonth. Love, to Donne is something that you think about for a long clip so, hence, it seems that you have loved person for that long but in world it is merely a short period of clip. Harmonizing to Donne, love is really powerful and causes the widespread devastation to 1000s. Donne besides uses the image of desperation and depression. In the 2nd stanza, he says Ah, what a trifle is a bosom, if one time into love? s hands it come! In these lines Donne gives us the image of a manus of love and a large bosom touching it. Once the bosom touches the manus , it begins to shrivel because love has devoured it. Besides by stating this, Donne realizes that his bosom became small and has no value to him. He loved his miss, but she didn? t return that love, so, his bosom shrunk and now means nil to him. Donne besides gives us the image of love get downing his bosom whole. His bosom is such a trifle that it doesn? Ts need to be chewed up. Last, he compares his bosom to a piece of glass ( mirror ) by stating those pieces still, through they be non unite ; and now as broken spectacless show a hundred lesser faces, so my shred of bosom can wish, wish, and adore, but after one such love, can love no more. In this quotation mark Donne show us that his bosom has been shattered into a 1000 pieces and that they are still in the topographic point where his bosom should be. Donne can neer mend his broken bosom ; hence, he will populate in hurting until he dies. In the last line of this quotation mark, Donne says that one time you have loved person that profoundly you can neer experience love like that once more. John Donne uses several facets of imagination to portray a broken bosom. From his crisp graphic words you can see precisely what he was traveling through ; deep desperation. He loved that miss with all of his bosom and she shattered it. In poesy, a image would be the easiest manner to associate to what an writer wants to state because you can acquire a mental image of what the writer was seeking to portray through the crisp intense words of the verse form. He succeeded in his imagination because it about made you feel like you were enduring from a broken bosom.

Why Presidents Use So Many Pens to Sign Bills Into Law

Why Presidents Use So Many Pens to Sign Bills Into Law Presidents often use several pens to sign a bill into law, a tradition dates back nearly a century  and continues to this day. President Donald Trump, for example, used several bill-signing pens on his first day in office when he put his signature on his first executive order,  instructing federal agencies to uphold the Affordable Care Act while also  working to minimize the unwarranted economic and regulatory burdens on American citizens and companies. Trump used so many pens and handed them out as souvenirs on Jan. 20, 2017, the day he was sworn into office, that he joked to staff: â€Å"I think we’re going to need some more pens, by the way ... The government is getting stingy, right?† Oddly enough, before Trump,  President Barack Obama  used nearly two dozen pens to sign that same legislation into law in  2010. Thats a lot of pens. Unlike his predecessor, Trump uses gold-plated pens from  A.T. Cross Co.  based in Rhode Island. The companys suggested retail price for the pens is $115 apiece. The practice of using several pens isnt universal, however. Obamas predecessor, President George W. Bush, never used more than one pen to sign a bill into law. Tradition   The first president to use more than one pen to sign a bill into law was Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who served in the White House from March 1933 until April 1945. According to Bradley H. Pattersons To Serve the President: Continuity and Innovation in the White House Staff, the president used several pens to sign bills of high public interest during signing ceremonies in the Oval Office. Most presidents now use multiple pens to sign those bills into law. So what did the president do with all those pens? He gave them away, most of the time. Presidents gave the pens as commemorative souvenirs to members of Congress or other dignitaries who had been active in getting the legislation passed.  Each pen was presented in a special box bearing the presidential seal and the name of the president who did the signing,  Patterson writes. Valuable Souvenirs Jim Kratsas of the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Museum told National Public Radio in 2010 that presidents have been using multiple pens so they can distribute them to lawmakers and others who were instrumental in shepherding the legislation through Congress at least since President Harry Truman was in office. As Time magazine put it: The more pens a President uses, the more thank-you gifts he can offer to those who helped create that piece of history. The pens used by presidents to sign important pieces of legislation are considered valuable and have shown up for sale in some cases. One pen showed up for sale on the Internet for $500. Examples Most modern presidents use more than one pen to sign landmark legislation into law.   President Bill Clinton used four pens to sign the  Line-Item Veto. He gave the pens to former Presidents  Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, and George H.W. Bush, according to an account of the signing by Time magazine.Obama used 22 pens to sign health care reform legislation into law in March of 2010. He used a different pen for each letter or half letter of his name. This is gonna take a little while, Obama said. According to the Christian Science Monitor, it took Obama 1 minute and 35 seconds to sign the bill using those 22 pens.​President Lyndon Johnson used 72 pens when he signed the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964.

5 Arabic Words in the News

5 Arabic Words in the News 5 Arabic Words in the News 5 Arabic Words in the News By Daniel Scocco An article in this morning’s newspaper contained the following Arabic words: bidoon djellabah Salafists Shiite Sunni â€Å"He was identified as a member of the country’s large stateless population known as bidoon.† 1. bidoon The word does not appear in either the OED or M-W. I found this definition in an article at PBS: Bidoon refers to a diverse group of people [in Kuwait] who at the time of independence were not given Kuwaiti nationality. The term comes from the Arabic phrase  bidoon jinsiya, â€Å"without nationality.† A Wikipedia article spells the word Bedoon and defines it as â€Å"an ethnic group in Gulf Arab states and Iraq.† â€Å"[He] was wearing jeans, a knee-length djellabah robe [sic] and a loose towel over his head† 2. djellabah I didn’t find this word in either the OED or M-W, but I did find it at Dictionary.com: djellabah: a loose hooded cloak, typically woolen, of a kind traditionally worn by men in North Africa. â€Å"French authorities say Salhi had links to radical Salafists- who preach an ultraconservative form of Islam† 3. Salafists A Salafist is an adherent of Salafism. I found this definition of Salafism in an article at PBS: Salafism  is an ideology that posits that Islam has strayed from its origins. The word salaf is Arabic for â€Å"ancient one† and refers to the companions of the Prophet Mohammed. Arguing that the faith has become decadent over the centuries, Salafists call for the restoration of authentic Islam as expressed by an adherence to its original teachings and texts. â€Å"The Sunni extremists of Islamic State consider Shiites to be heretics† 4. Sunni The OED defines Sunni this way: The orthodox Muslims who accept the Sunna as of equal authority with the Quran, considered collectively. Note: The OED defines Sunna as â€Å"the body of traditional sayings and customs attributed to Muhammad and supplementing the Quran.† â€Å"Authorities said he flew into Kuwait’s international airport at dawn on the day of the noontime attack at one of the emirate’s oldest Shiite mosques.† 5. Shiite In this sentence, Shiite is the adjective form of Shia, a Muslim sect whose name derives from Shiat Ali, â€Å"the party of Ali.† When Muhammad died in 632 CE without naming a political successor, some of his followers thought his son-in-law Ali should be their leader; others declared for his father-in-law, Abu Bakr. Abu Bakr served as the first caliph (632-634); Ali served as the fourth caliph (656- 661). Today, the majority of Muslims are Sunnis- somewhere between 85% and 90%. Shiites represent only about 10% of Muslims, but in Iran, Iraq, Bahrain, and Azerbaijan, they are in the majority.   Note: Caliph is from an Arabic word meaning successor. After the death of Muhammad, it became the title given in Muslim countries to the chief civil and religious ruler. The last caliph in Istanbul was killed by Mongol conquerors in 1258. The Ottoman caliphate was abolished by Kemal Ataturk in 1924. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:List of 50 Great Word Games for Kids and Adults50 Musical Terms Used in Nonmusical Senses

Report on EasyJet Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report on EasyJet - Coursework Example EasyJet also acknowledges and supports talent among the large workforce through promoting employee skill development. The motive revolves around the creation of a people strategy to expand connections between employees with unique skills. As such, the human resource department transferred employees from Madrid to other bases to enhance efficient operation. Additionally, the company offers flexible contracts for the involved cabin crew and pilots. The scheme also entails permanent signing of the existing workforce under the same flexible contracts. The additional services offered by the airline company to new recruits are also a significant motivational approach (Adeyemi, 2013). The services include hiring retired pilot servicemen seeking employment in the company. The company extends the hiring process to offer additional training through an exchange program with experienced pilots on the ground. Other motivational services offered include the refurbishment of employee facilities suc h as the showers and restraint facilities. The airlines move to build a strong relationship between the employees, and the managers are significant in boosting employee job security. The approach ensures that the employees feel respected while working in the airline. The compliance aspect originates from the free communication between the appointed managers and the employees. Secondly, the provision of expected operating guidelines is significant for directing the employees on the expected codes of ethics (Anderson, 2014). Additionally, the employees are aware of the airlines demand and system of operations. Such moves enhance employee understanding that maximizes the eventual performance. Another significant evaluation of the company’s approach is evident through the introduction of a high-performance tradition. The company policy enables an employee to work effectively given the end rewards from

Evaluating the Case of The Early Retirement Essay

Evaluating the Case of The Early Retirement - Essay Example †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦12 Appendix A†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..13 Abstract This paper seeks to delve deeper into the trend in the modern economy of high employee early retirement. While it may be very alluring for many to opt for this option, it may not necessarily be the best move for employees to consider. There are many factors that might prove to be very problematic for the early retirees. This paper also explains why majority of companies are offering early retirement op tions, but not for the well and benefit of their employees. Companies are forced to offer this option because of the ever fast changing technological advancements and they constantly need to train individuals, most preferably the younger ones, to take over these aspects. This matter then becomes something like teaching an old dog new tricks. Companies tend to decide to offer termination for their older employees rather than to sustain them and incur higher salary expenses. Technical advancements also tend to make jobs obsolete. Financial stability as well as the emotional and mental consequences must be considered before opting for early retirement. For one cannot enjoy the vast time that is availed by early retirement if one does not have the resources to make it worthwhile. Evaluating the Case of Early Retirement Introduction In the ever tolling rat race of the industrial world, with all the heavy and laborious challenges that man is faced just to earn a living, every man is looki ng forward to their retirement. Who would not want to just lay back, enjoy life, and do the things which were rendered impossible by the busy lives of working and toiling day after day for decades and decades. Sure, everyone wants the easy life, who doesn’t? After all, every man who has sweat blood and broke his back would ultimately need to reward himself and reap the benefits of his labor. Early retirement sounds so ideal, so surreal, and so gratifying. It means that you have achieved and managed to build your keep and have you living well-off for the rest of your life; the ultimate achievement for a good and fruitful career. But early retirement is not like as how fairy tales go. It is not as simple as living happily ever after. Financial stability does not necessary follow with early retirement. Sure, there will be that severance pay and/or whatever the companies will package and offer you as â€Å"gratitude† to your services to them, but once those are depleted co mes the real problem. Pension is a viable option to compensate for the monthly salary which you will not be receiving anymore, but there are also other benefits which cannot be availed for early retirees. In this paper, not only will the advantages and the good life of early retirement will be tackled but also this paper will seek to delve into the cons and the

Argumentative Essay on universities lecturing systems

Argumentative Essay on universities lecturing systems Recently, the use of lecturing system in universities is being questioned for its efficiency. The dilemma is that should lecturing system in University be replaced with small classes. Small classes, as described by David Daniels in his article College Lectures: Is Anybody Listening? emphasis on having lesser students in a class. This encourages more interaction between lecturer and students, aiming to build active learners and the enable lectures to be sure of the progress of their students. He also stated that students now are lacking of listening skills meaning that lecturing system is no longer effective for them, showing the need of change to small classes system in educating students. Lecturing system on the other hand is a traditional way of teaching used in tertiary studies. The number of students handled by a lecturer is much more compared to small class system. We should continue using lecturing system as it show more advantages than using small classes in the sense of being more cost effective, building more independent students, decreasing absentees and by being fair in grading students. First, usually the numbers of students in universities are massive which small class system will not be able to fit in all students. However, if lecturing system is replaced by small classes in universities, it would be very costly seeing that more classes need to be opened for lessons to be conducted. An excellent example is more manpower is needed to operate. According to the former president of United States, he states that an average of 1.7 billion dollars is needed to train more lecturers to conduct small classes nationwide yearly (Viadero, 1998). Many universities are lacking of lecturers and using small classes will need the university to hire more lecturers to facilitate lectures. This means universities will have to fork out a lot of money to overcome the shortage of manpower. Electric bills will shoot up too as teaching aid such as projectors and computers as well as air conditioning to keep the temperature in room favorable temperature will need large electric consumption. All these factors will contribute in a larger operating cost. What do universities do to cover the cost? Increasing fees charged on students! This will cause education to be costly and unaffordable for those families earning lower income. The consequence of this issue will be chances of financially poor students getting higher education to be slimmer. Worse though, if the management chooses to hire non experienced part time lecturers to reduce the operating cost, small class will as well be meaningless. Lecturing system will save on this problem as this system enables a lecturer to handle more students. This will also solve the problem for universities where spaces are very limited as a hall will be enough to fit in all students for one lecture. Thus, continue using lecturing system not only provide a more affordable education for students but enable the campus to generate more profit as operating cost is reduced and student intakes are increased due to the better organizing of spa ce. Next, lecturing system will build more independent students. David Daniel claims that small classes enable lecturers know the progress of their students and help them improve. Yet, this situation causes students to rely on lecturers. What are they, the students without their lecturers? Will they be able to survive in the harsh life in work when they are graduated their studies? This is especially an issue among Malaysian students. They tend to blame lecturers for low grades. However, is the problem with the student or education system itself? Malaysian students are introduced to at least 11 years of small classes system before proceeding to pursue their higher education. If this issue occurs, this simply means there is a critical error in the system. Students are used to be spoon-fed with whatever they need to know and not by discovering with their own effort. Demolishing small class students used to have for their higher education will be painful for them but students must start to realize that they are actually responsible for their own studies. The duty of lecturers is just to guide them in tertiary level education. Only then students whom are used to be spoon-fed will be forced to look for additional information from various sources for their subjects. Teaching a man to fish is better than giving him a fish every day. Indirectly, it might shape more knowledgeable student as they will be exposed to irrelevant facts which seems to be not useful in the progress of looking what they want. Who knows if the information is applicable someday? Hence, lecturing system will be able to shape more quality students whom can independently improve themselves in their field of study. Furthermore, lecturing system is useful is decreasing absentees in class. David Daniels proposes that question and answer section in small classes can help to shape more active students. However, is this method applicable to all students? Intrinsic students who do not like to voice out will not feel comfortable being asked and pressured by questions from lecturers. However, these groups of students are being paid most attention by lecturers as they are too quiet and these lead more questions to be directed to them. The discomfort might cause them feel afraid to enter class. In lecturing system quiet students will instead get the sense of security because the large group of student does not allow lecturers to question students individually but as a group instead. The same situation applies to weaker students. Lecturers tend to emphasis their questions on them in small classes. It is true that lecturers are trying to help them as what David Daniels says to improve their analytical skil l, but students at this age are egocentric. How would they feel if they do not know how to answer a question in front of their classmates? They might feel ashamed for the rest of the period and their emotion will keep them away from concentrating. Worse still, they might fear being asked questions again. Involved students might be stressed out and try to escape from the threatening situation. Furthermore, students studying in universities are basically at their teenage age. This is the stage where they are most attracted by the opposite sex psychologically. In lecturing system, a larger crowd provides more targets for them to prey on. Such situation might motivate them to attend class more frequently as they might want to keep a good image in front of someone they are attracted to. Besides, they might work hard in order to get good results to be proud of. Eventually, lecturing system not only decrease absentees rate but lead students to a higher achievement as well. Moving on, lecturers teaching in lecture system are fairer in grading coursework compared to lecturers from small classes. According to David Daniels, small classes allow professors to discover who knows what before final examinations. However, what is the purpose of doing so? Allowing the lecturers to set questions according to what their students know? This will not help the students but give them an illusion of the marks they get. They thought they know a lot from the high grade they achieve but the fact is just the opposite. Since students result reflect on lecturers reputation, we cannot deny that there will be some irresponsible lecturers that would use this way to help students get better grades so they might be proud too. A win-win situation? In lecturing system, lecturers might not know the progress of their students but this enable them to set exam questions based on what students should know and not what students already know. If students did badly in their examination, it serves them right for not studying hard enough. They will eventually learn from their mistake and do better next time. It will always be better than pampering the students by helping them through examinations. Another good example will be the rate of grade inflation. Based on the statistic provided by The New York Times, the rate of grade inflation in private colleges using small class system is 38 percent higher than public colleges using lecturing system. Corresponding to this, we can say that the good relationship built between lecturers and students in small class system affect the judging ability of lecturers to grade fairly. Human are by nature emotional. Philosophically, emotion overrides the rationality part of a human. Thus, very often lecturers gave marks higher than what the student deserves especially for those who are closer and have a better relationship with the lecturer. On the other hand, lecturing system can avoid this situation from happening. The large crowd a l ecturer is handling will build a barrier between the student and lecturer. Saving on the relationship part, lecturer will be able to judge students coursework fairly. The larger number of coursework submitted also enable lecturers to compare the work and give marks accordingly. Therefore, those who really put in effort to do their assignment will deserve a better grade and be motivated to keep on with their hard work. Finally, lecturing system should not be replaced by small class system in universities as it obviously show more advantage by being more cost effective and beneficial to students. However, there are improvements that can be done for the system to be more effective. Universities should make sure hired lecturers are up to certain requirements and are able to facilitate the lesson effectively. While for the problem of student lacking listening skills and concentration as proposed by David Daniels, actions such as giving short breaks at certain time and projecting some short clips featuring jokes from subject of students interest can be taken. This can help to regain students concentration. Based on the reasons proposed, lecturing system is still the better way to be used in universities compared to small class system.

Orange County’s Own Wave of Ska Essay

Throughout history, many musical cultures have affected others. Whether it be by new governmental forces coming into power, or through migrations of populations into a different areas, music travels just as well as the humans that produce it do. In the mid 1990’s, the relaxed beach towns of Orange County rose to be one of the major hotspots of the 3rd wave Ska generation in the United States, being the hometown to well-known bands such as Reel Big Fish, Sublime, and No Doubt. Ska music is known for its energetic beats, melodic horns, and reggae vibe. The third wave ska scene in Orange County attracted young kids from the suburbs out to a community, developing a unique sense of style and culture — celebrating individuality, fun, and a carefree attitude, staying true to the Orange County beach culture. The beginnings of the Ska genre can be traced to the island nation of Jamaica in the mid 1950s. Initially, it was defined as â€Å"a kind of ham-fisted combination of American rhythm and blues and Caribbean folk styles, such as calypso and mento† (Selvin). This melting pot of sounds was credited to the fact that post World War II, the inhabitants of Jamaica were able to listen in on American radios due to American soldiers’ stationings. Tourism and other outside forces have always had an influence on Jamaican music, with textbooks coining that â€Å"Caribbean musics have participated in significant ways in globalized networks of music-making†¦ that have historically emerged in response to travel in the Caribbean† (Nettl 345). With Jamaica’s music culture being accepting and adapting to outside instrumentation and styles, they were able to create a genre that appealed the to United States as well. With warm weather found in all twelve months throughout the year, a relaxed coastal feel throughout the area, and a strong teenage population, Orange County in southern California made for the perfect location for a brand new era of Ska music. With many rock alternative bands such as Nirvana, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and Stone Temple Pilots emerging in the late 1980s and early 1990s, their hardcore, energetic music did not completely comply with the easygoing demeanor of Orange County. The rise of rock alternative though did create a gateway for the new, third, wave of ska. Compromising both with the popular alternative scene and with the relaxed reggae-centric vibe of conventional ska, the Third Wave Ska movement was formed. Throughout the 1990s many small ska bands loosely formed. Rooted from childhood friends to garage parties, the initial intentions of this genre were to create a subculture for teenagers to escape and somewhat rebel from Orange County’s conservative norm. As the neighborhood concerts and beach music festivals grew and grew around this time period, so did the genre of music itself. Seemingly overnight, the once seldomly known style of ska became a growing fruit, ripe from the county of Orange. Recognition of this craze continued, both by word of mouth as well as in the media. â€Å"The Orange County Register first mentioned the invasion in May, 1996, with a piece that asked ‘Is ska Orange County’s next big thing’ Many OC acts were now benefiting from the success of No Doubt, and Sublime, including ska-punkers Reel Big Fish and Goldfinger† (Apter 164). Once Orange County local acts were now topping Billboard Charts and receiving much airplay across the nation. Anaheim native band No Doubt’s smash 1995 single â€Å"Don’t Speak†, a mellow ska-centric song, was at the number one spot on Billboard’s â€Å"Hot 100 Radio Airplay† chart for sixteen weeks and was also nominated for Song of the Year at the Grammy’s. Along with No Doubt’s success, other Orange County ska bands such as Sublime, The Aquabats, and Slightly Stoopid were able to follow. Despite its tremendous success, it is important to remember ska’s humble beginnings and that it still is prevalent in its birth area. With an aggressive alternative scene in the Los Angeles area, the relaxed ska appealed to most teenagers living within Orange County. Events such as the Van’s Warped Tour and summer beach concerts made it easy for the third wave ska movement to be seen by many throughout the area. Due to Orange County’s conservative culture, there exists a bit of animosity from parents whose children listen to the liberal genre. Composed with fast paced reggae-influenced instruments and with lyrics hinting to marijuana usage, alcohol, and even sometimes drugs, many were disrupted by the controversial messages the songs gave to the teenagers that listened to them. Aside from the belligerent ideas that may come from the genre, ska is mostly known for being a high-energy style with a hint of rapping vocals mixed with a few harmonies that all transform into having a feel good time with others. The history of ska still is prevalent in the beach areas of Orange County. Even though it is not as popular as it once was, it has branched out and gave rise to more reggae based bands nowadays. Teenage offspring trying to go against conservative mindsets of their parents have always found a musical outlet, as will their offspring. This outlet can have both negative and positive effects on oneself, depending on how they interpret this high energy, beach-vibe style. An alumni of this culture may still be dressed in board shorts, a ripped up tank top, a pair of Rainbow sandals as well as a pair of cheap sunglasses. Even though some have outgrown the style, it will be remembered from them that ska was the source of their most memorable teenage experiences. Works Cited Apter, Jeff. Gwen Stefani & No Doubt: A Simple Kind of Life. London: Omnibus, 2008. Print. Nettl, Bruno. Excursions in World Music. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2011. Print. Selvin, Joel. â€Å"A Brief History of Ska.† San Francisco Chronicle 23 Mar. 2008: n. pag. Print.

How Does Chemical Weathering Work

Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down Reader S Guide

â€Å"The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down† Reader’s Guide Directions: Read the captioned book. Then answer the questions contained in this study guide. Post your completed document to the appropriate assignment box on the course website. 1. What do you think of traditional Hmong birth practices (pp. 3-5)? Compare them to the techniques used when Lia was born (p. 7). How do Hmong and American birth practices differ? I think the Hmong traditional give birth practice is very unsafe and dirty. The environment of giving birth is full with bacteria, germs and easily get infection for both mother and new born baby. However I find that the father burry the placenta after give birth is very unique and interesting. When Lisa was born, she was†¦show more content†¦Other doctors who wants to be accepted by the Hmong could use a little to this philosophy. 7. How did you feel about the Lees refusal to give Lia her medicine? Can you understand their motivation? Do you sympathize with it? I cannot accept the Lee s refuse to hive lia her medicine. But as Lia s parents a traditional Hmong family, they belief in what they had known and learnt from the past and their culture. They believe medication should not be taken forever or doctors cannot be trused. No, I do not sympathize with it, because Lia should be taken by Dr. Ernst and let Dr. Ernst to help Lia. 8. How did you feel when Child Protective Services took Lia away from her parents? Do you believe it was the right decision? Was any other solution possible in the situation? I think it was the best decision that CPS took Lia away from her parents. I believe it was the right decision because Lia needed to correct way to be taken care of, not what her parents belief with false pride. I don t think there was any other solution. 9. Were you surprised at the quality of care and the love and affection given to Lia by her foster parents? How did Lia s foster parents feel about Lia s biological parents? 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